Which statement best describes the effects of ionizing radiation on living tissues?

Ionizing radiation is known to have significant effects on living tissues, particularly at the cellular level. The correct statement highlights that ionizing radiation can cause cell damage or mutations. This type of radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, leading to the ionization of those atoms. When living cells are exposed to ionizing radiation, the resultant ionization can lead to direct damage of DNA, proteins, and other critical cellular components.

The damage to DNA can result in mutations, which are alterations in the genetic material that can affect how cells function. These mutations can lead to improper cell division, potentially resulting in cancer or other diseases. Additionally, the cellular damage may trigger repair mechanisms; however, if the damage is extensive or if the repairs are incorrect, this can further exacerbate issues such as carcinogenesis.

The other statements do not accurately reflect the effects of ionizing radiation; enhancing tissue growth is not a recognized outcome of radiation exposure, and claiming it has negligible impact on human health ignores the well-documented risks associated with exposure. Furthermore, suggesting that ionizing radiation only affects non-living materials overlooks the extensive evidence of its detrimental effects on biological systems.