Which of the following can be a consequence of gene amplification in cancer?

Gene amplification in cancer refers to the process where certain genes are duplicated multiple times within a cell's genome. This can lead to an increased number of copies of specific genes, particularly those that encode for proteins involved in cell growth and division. The consequence of this amplification often results in increased production of the associated proteins.

For instance, when oncogenes are amplified, this can lead to the overexpression of proteins that promote cell proliferation and survival, contributing to the uncontrolled growth characteristic of cancer. Such overproduction can enhance the malignancy of tumors, as these proteins often play roles in signaling pathways that drive cellular processes like division and metabolism.

In contrast, other potential outcomes of gene amplification, such as reduced malignancy, stable genetic conditions, or reduced cell division, contradict the fundamental nature of how gene amplification functions within the context of cancer. Therefore, the increase in protein production as a direct result of gene amplification is a primary mechanism by which cancers can become more aggressive and pervasive.