What role does the Hippo signaling pathway play in cellular regulation?

The Hippo signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and ensuring that cell proliferation remains within healthy limits. It is primarily known for its function in controlling the size of organs by inhibiting excessive cell division and promoting apoptosis, or programmed cell death, when necessary. When activated, the Hippo pathway suppresses the transcriptional co-activators YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (TRCP3-associated protein), which are essential for driving cell growth and proliferation genes.

Under conditions where the Hippo pathway is active, YAP and TAZ remain in the cytoplasm, leading to reduced expression of factors that encourage cell cycle progression and growth. This regulatory mechanism is vital for maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing conditions such as cancer, where uncontrolled cell proliferation occurs. In summary, the Hippo signaling pathway is essential for regulating cell growth, preventing excessive cell proliferation, and maintaining overall cellular health.