What is the role of epigenetic modifications in cancer?

Epigenetic modifications play a significant role in cancer by regulating gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. This means that specific genes can be turned on or off based on various environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and other influences, which can, in turn, affect how cells behave. In cancer, abnormal epigenetic changes can lead to the silencing of tumor suppressor genes or the activation of oncogenes, facilitating uncontrolled cell growth and cancer progression.

The ability of these modifications to influence gene expression is crucial in understanding how cancer develops and progresses. Unlike changes in the DNA sequence itself, which are permanent and fixed, epigenetic changes can be reversible, opening up potential avenues for targeted therapy. This makes the role of epigenetics in cancer particularly important in both the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.