What is a significant consequence of exposure to carcinogens on cellular regulation?

Exposure to carcinogens leads to the introduction of genetic mutations within cells, significantly disrupting normal cellular function and growth. Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer by altering the DNA of cells. These mutations can activate oncogenes, which promote uncontrolled cell division, or inactivate tumor suppressor genes, which normally help to regulate cell growth and ensure proper cell function. As a result, this disruption in regulation leads to the formation of abnormal cells that can proliferate uncontrollably, leading to tumor development and malignancy.

This understanding underscores the pivotal role that carcinogens play in altering cellular regulation, explaining why the choice highlighting their impact on mutations is the most accurate in this context.