What are epigenetic modifications?

Epigenetic modifications refer to changes in gene expression that occur without any alteration to the underlying DNA sequence. This means that while the genetic code remains intact, the way genes are expressed can be modified by various factors, such as environmental influences or lifestyle choices. These modifications can include processes like DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA molecules, which can enhance or repress gene transcription, thus influencing cellular function and behavior.

This concept is crucial because it highlights that gene expression is not solely determined by the genetic code, but rather can be influenced by external and internal factors, leading to different outcomes in cellular regulation. The understanding of epigenetics opens up possibilities for therapeutic interventions in various diseases, as manipulating these modifications could potentially reverse or alter disease processes at the genetic expression level.