How do metastatic cells differ functionally from primary tumor cells?

Metastatic cells functionally differ from primary tumor cells primarily through their enhanced abilities to invade and colonize distant tissues. This trait is a hallmark of metastasis, as these cells have adapted to travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to establish secondary tumors in remote locations.

The process of metastasis involves several complex biological changes, including increased motility, the capacity to degrade extracellular matrix components, and the ability to survive in foreign environments. These adaptations enable metastatic cells to break away from the original tumor, enter circulation, and eventually support the growth of new tumors at distant sites, which is crucial for the progression of cancer.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the functional characteristics of metastatic cells. While some primary tumor cells may exhibit slower growth rates compared to their metastatic counterparts, metastatic cells generally have enhanced growth potential in new environments. Similarly, metastatic cells often adapt to enhance communication with surrounding cells to facilitate their survival and growth in new tissues, rather than communicating less. Lastly, metastatic cells may produce equal or even greater amounts of growth factors compared to primary tumor cells to promote their own proliferation and survival in distant sites.